Naturalization for Spouses of US Citizens: The 3-Year Rule Explained

If you're married to a US citizen, you may be eligible to apply for naturalization after just 3 years as a permanent resident—instead of the standard 5 years. This is commonly known as the "3-year rule" under INA 319(a).

Requirements for the 3-Year Rule

According to the USCIS Policy Manual, to qualify under the 3-year rule, you must meet ALL of the following requirements:

• Be a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) for at least 3 years
• Be married to a US citizen during the entire 3-year period
• Be living in marital union with your US citizen spouse
• Have been physically present in the US for at least 18 months
• Have resided in the state or USCIS district where you're applying for at least 3 months
• Demonstrate good moral character

What is "Living in Marital Union"?

USCIS requires that you be "living in marital union" with your US citizen spouse. This means you must be living together as spouses. Temporary separations for work, military service, or other circumstances may be acceptable, but you must demonstrate that you maintain a life together as a married couple.

Your Spouse Must Be a Citizen for the Entire 3 Years

An important detail: your spouse must have been a US citizen for the entire 3-year period. If your spouse became a citizen after you became a permanent resident, the 3-year clock starts from when your spouse naturalized—not from when you got your green card.

What If We Separate or Divorce?

If you separate or divorce before your naturalization interview, you will no longer qualify under the 3-year rule. However, you may still be eligible for citizenship under the standard 5-year rule if you meet those requirements.

Exception for Abused Spouses

If you were subjected to battery or extreme cruelty by your US citizen spouse, special provisions apply. According to USCIS policy, you do not need to establish that you are still married to the abusive spouse at the time you file your naturalization application.

Documents You'll Need

When applying under the 3-year rule, be prepared to provide:

• Your marriage certificate
• Proof of your spouse's US citizenship (birth certificate, naturalization certificate, or passport)
• Evidence of living together (joint bank accounts, lease agreements, utility bills, etc.)

Prepare for Your Interview

The citizenship interview covers the civics test, English test, and questions about your N-400 application—including your marriage. Practice with Citizenry's unlimited mock interviews to feel confident and prepared.